The picture shown above is that of the simple flame sensor constructed for our robot by my
partner. It is an infrared phototransistor in series with a 10K ohm resistor(or the equivalent to anyway). It works much like a normal NPN transistor except that in this case the base current is controlled by the amount of infrared light it detects. 
This is a picture of the line detector that I constructed last night. The key component of this device is the TCRT5000 infrared emitter and detector package. The two positive leads of this component are attached to two wires spliced into one lead which will connect to power. The two negative leads are also spliced together as shown except that the emitter is in series with a 220 ohm resistor and the detector is in series with a 12K ohm resistor and also has a lead that attaches to an analog pin on the Arduino. This device is capable of detecting the difference in color of black and white surfaces.
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